A vigilância em saúde sob a perspectiva de seus trabalhadores / Vigilancia de la salud desde la perspectiva de sus trabajadores / Health surveillance from the perspective of workers

Objetivo: compreender a vigilância em saúde (vs) sob a perspectiva de seus trabalhadores. Materiais e método: estudo qualitativo baseado no método compreensivo-interpretativo, em que foram entrevistados 28 profissionais vin-culados à vs de um estado e de sua capital no Brasil. O material coletado por meio de entrevista foi analisado a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: emergiram quatro categorias temáticas com relação à vs: concepção, articulação intrínseca e extrínseca, potencialidades e desafios. Os trabalhadores apresentaram uma concepção ampliada sobre a vs, entretanto a visão tecnicista e biomédica ainda persistiu. Conclusões: os trabalhadores relataram, como potencialidades, a satisfação e o comprometimento no exercício de suas funções e revelaram, como dificuldades, aspectos desestimulantes no cenário em curso. Nessa direção, os participantes apontaram para a alocação de mais verbas e investimentos no setor, para a valorização de suas carreiras e a necessidade de maior suporte por parte da gestão dos serviços.

Objetivo: comprender la vigilancia de la salud (vs) desde la perspectiva de los trabajadores de este sector. Materiales y método: estudio cualitativo bajo el método de interpretación integral, en el que se entrevistó a 28 profesionales vinculados a la vs en un estado de Brasil. El material recogido se analizó utilizando la técnica de análisis de contenido. Resultados: surgieron cuatro categorías temáticas en relación con vs: concepción; articulación intrínseca y extrínseca; potencialidades y desafíos. Los trabajadores presentaron una concepción ampliada sobre vs, sin embargo, la visión técnica y biomédica aún persiste entre los participantes. Conclusiones: los trabajadores informaron como potencialidades su satisfacción y el compromiso con el ejercicio de sus funciones. Entre las dificultades, señalaron aspectos desalentadores ante el escenario actual. En este sentido, los participantes ponen de manifiesta la necesidad de asignar más fondos e inversiones en el sector, reconocer el valor de su profesión y brindar mayor apoyo para la gestión de servicios.

Objective: Understanding health surveillance (sv) from the perspective of workers in this sector. Materials and method: Qualitative study under the comprehensive-interpretative method, in which 28 professionals linked to the sv of a Brazilian State and its capital were interviewed. The collected material was analyzed through the content analysis technique. Results: Four thematic categories emerged in relation to SV: conception; intrinsic and extrinsic articulation; potentialities and challenges. Participants presented an expanded conception about sv, although the technical and biomedical vision still remain as the main approach. Conclusions: Among the potentialities, participants reported satisfaction and commitment in the exercise of their functions. As for the difficulties, they revealed discouraging aspects based on the current scenario. In this direction, participants pointed as key elements the allocation of more funds and investment in the sector, more recognition and value to their careers, and the need for greater support from service management.

Evaluation of access to mammographies in Brazil and socioeconomic indicators: a space study. / Avaliação do acesso em mamografias no Brasil e indicadores socioeconômicos: um estudo espacial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between mammography screening coverage in women from 50 to 69 years old and the socioeconomic indicators Human Development Index (HDI) and Gini Index. METHODS: Epidemiological, retrospective and ecological study carried out in Brazil with secondary data. The sample is made up of 5565 municipalities in Brazil. As a dependent variable: the ratio of screening mammography examinations performed in women aged 50 to 69 years, from 2008 to 2015, and as independent variables: The Human Development Index (HDI) and the Gini Index. Descriptive analysis, univariate and bivariate spatial analysis were performed. RESULTS: North, Northeast and Center-West are regions that are more propitious for breast cancer, due to the low access for mammograms. CONCLUSION: The HDI and the Gini index, determinants of inequalities, directly influence the mammography numbers in Brazil, highlighting the importance of evaluating public policies.

Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and living with a chronic condition: participatory study.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most serious chronic illnesses in the world due to its prevalence, economic and social effects, and negative impact on the quality of life of the affected people. The diagnosis implies changes in life habits especially related to feeding, physical activity, and constant self-care, requiring greater personal autonomy. METHODS: This study aims to understand how individuals living with diabetes deal with the recognition of the chronic condition in their health care practices. This is a participatory research with a qualitative approach focusing on reflexivity. Sixteen people with diabetes mellitus were intentionally chosen, and qualified to participate in the study. The selected methodology allowed the constitution of life stories and focused on the multiple ways human beings deal with their illnesses. RESULTS: The participants attended eight closed group meetings, with an specific methodology which benefited them to retrieve their own history as well as the multiple experiences to deal with the disease, here called Strategic Health Promotion Group (SHPG). The data produced and the dialogue between researcher and researched subjects were related to three major thematic perspectives: I) recognizing diabetes II) living with diabetes III) exercising personal autonomy. This work contains the meanings attributed to the Perspective I from which the following three categories emerged: The impact of the diagnosis, the denial of the illness, and the acceptance of the illness. It was observed that the diagnosis of a chronic illness generates a multiplicity of feelings, moving through narratives of complications and death events shared between generations. The participants expressed feelings related to denial or acceptance of the chronic condition which required an active adaptation exercising. From the current diagnosis, it was observed that new signs were added to the person's existence, influencing their habits, health care practices and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: The emotional aspects of subjects diagnosed with diabetes mellitus strongly influence the acceptance or denial of the illness, interfering in their personal adherence to treatment. As a chronic condition, involving life-longing care practices, which intervenes in therapeutic participation, it is indispensable to respect and to encourage the personal autonomy of the subjects.

Avaliação do acesso em mamografias no Brasil e indicadores socioeconômicos: um estudo espacial / Evaluación del acceso en mamografías en Brasil e indicadores socioeconómicos: un estudio espacial / Evaluation of access to mammographies in Brazil and socioeconomic indicators: a space study

Resumo OBJETIVO Avaliar a correlação entre a cobertura do exame mamografia em mulheres de 50 a 69 anos e os indicadores socioeconômicos Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) e Índice de Gini. MÉTODOS Estudo epidemiológico, retrospectivo e ecológico realizado no Brasil com dados secundários. A amostra é composta por 5565 municípios do Brasil. Como variável dependente: a Razão de exames de mamografia de rastreamento realizados em mulheres de 50 a 69 anos, de 2008 a 2015, e como variáveis independentes: o Índice de desenvolvimento humano (IDH) e Índice de Gini. Foi realizada a análise descritiva, análise espacial univariada e bivariada. RESULTADOS Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste são regiões que se mostram mais propícias para o câncer de mama, devido ao baixo acesso para mamografias. CONCLUSÃO O IDH e o índice de Gini, determinantes de desigualdades, influenciam diretamente na cobertura de exames de mamografia no Brasil, destacando a importância de avaliação das políticas públicas.

Resumen OBJETIVO Evaluar la correlación entre la cobertura del examen mamografía en mujeres de 50 a 69 años y los indicadores socioeconómicos Índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH) e Índice de Gini. MÉTODOS Estudio epidemiológico, retrospectivo y ecológico realizado en Brasil con datos secundarios. Muestra compuesta por 5565 municipios de Brasil. Como variable dependiente: Razón de exámenes de mamografía de rastreo realizados en mujeres de 50 a 69 años, de 2008 a 2015, y como variables independientes: el Índice de desarrollo humano (IDH) y el Índice de Gini. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y análisis espacial univariado y bivariado. RESULTADOS Norte, Nordeste y Centro-Oeste son regiones que se muestran más propicias para el cáncer de mama, debido al bajo acceso para mamografías. CONCLUSIÓN El IDH y el índice de Gini, determinantes de desigualdades, influencian directamente en cobertura de exámenes de mamografía en Brasil, destacando la importancia de evaluación de políticas públicas.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate the correlation between mammography screening coverage in women from 50 to 69 years old and the socioeconomic indicators Human Development Index (HDI) and Gini Index. METHODS Epidemiological, retrospective and ecological study carried out in Brazil with secondary data. The sample is made up of 5565 municipalities in Brazil. As a dependent variable: the ratio of screening mammography examinations performed in women aged 50 to 69 years, from 2008 to 2015, and as independent variables: The Human Development Index (HDI) and the Gini Index. Descriptive analysis, univariate and bivariate spatial analysis were performed. RESULTS North, Northeast and Center-West are regions that are more propitious for breast cancer, due to the low access for mammograms. CONCLUSION The HDI and the Gini index, determinants of inequalities, directly influence the mammography numbers in Brazil, highlighting the importance of evaluating public policies.